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EXTRACT 

OF A 

glOCFiAlillCAL AND PHYSICAL SURVEY 

Bkw Grai?at>a, Central America, Mexico, The Antilles, 
AND United States. 

From the year 1847 to 1868. 

BY EEV. A. CORNSTTE. S. J. 




SPRING HILL COLLEGE, Near MOBILE. (Ala,) 
1869. 



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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2010 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



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http://www.archive.org/details/extracTOfgeograp00corn 



iXTRoDCrriux. 



Tbo Survey of a Ci.nntiy, in its g'-ivr .1 acceptation, 
contaiiit* tw(j veiy distinct }alt^: 

Est. Thp crengmphicu Position of the Stations observed; 
namely: tlieir L iiitude, Ljisgitiide and Altitude. 

21. The physical N itnro of tin S')ii, an I its eithor roal 
or possible, niinprivl, v»^ij;''>tul and aununl Products, under the 
tlierniiil and hydranlical liifiii-jncL's. 

This double object was partiallv obtained, in travelling, 
with some astronotnieal an.d niet('orolo};i"al insfrnrnonts, fioni 
the year 1847 to 1808, througii New (iiiaxada, Gkntral Amkr- 
JCA, Mexico. The Antili.ks una Tuk United iStatks. 

In obeying an ord^r received from a religious Society, 
and in tollowiiig a direction given by learned Friends, after a 
gr -at deal of labor and difiicuitieH, a large amount of fiiiures 
and nores were collected. Tiie fdiowing Tabular Extract of 
these Notes, will bo almost ^ufficieut, tor an intelligent Tiav- 
e'ler, tocmceive an a'iequate estiinaie of the value of a country 
where he would intend to settle. 

We follow, frora year to year, the order of the Journey.i. 
The Tabular Extract contains: 

Iht. The Names of the Stations. Those where a longer 
time was spent in observations, and which became Starting 
I'oints for the others, are written in capital lettres. 

21. Their relative approximate distances in common Miles. 

31. Their Latitude and h ngitude found by astronomical or 
trigonometrical calculations, in the United States, where tiio 
Positions are well known, but few Points will be given, 

id. The average Altitude or Height of the stations above tho 
level of the Sea. S(jme culminant Points were determined, at 
once, by the Barometer, the height of which is recorded; by 
Boiling- Water, [ AnasGOthermy , ]; and by Trigonometry. Tite 
Height, in Metres, is taken irom Oltnrans' Tables, which, ou 
the top of high mountains, were found to be veiy accurate. 



5t1i Tiie Tcn.porRtnro of the I'huos. It ^vas fiHiiid, dirrctly, 
wiili TliOiniorijelioH exposed to tlie nir, or pliu ged into Mibifi- 
iiiin'Oiis watoTH, and iudiirctly, in admitting a dinunntiuu ot 
1° Cent grade, !or a lieight, alnAO the i-ca, 18U meiien. 

6ih. The Geolngical Formation and Nature of the Soil, and 
its real or pr >bAb!8 products. 

7th. Souio gei era! Reniarl^s, at Lirge. on the shape nnd special 
advantages and di^advancages of each Contitry. We know too 
well that these rcmaiks will be useful, either for the safety of 
travellers or for the Biarting of a contemplated settlement. 

We pnppose the Reailers arquainted: 1st. With Metrical 
Measure-;: One metre = 3.28 cnglish feet. 2d. With riuiiie no- 
tions of Meteorology, and the working of the Instininents, 
near the Eqnator. The Cent, Therm, is to Farenh., above S^o, 
as 10 is to IS. In practice, for changing Cent, into Far., donliie 
the Degrees Cfnt., snbtiact the ten.ths and add 32. Thus, 25*^ 
Cent, give: 25x2 — 5 + 32=77° Far. 3d. Wjih the Or.ler 
of the Geological Formaiions: namely, 1. Ejaculated Scries; 
Granitic, Gr. — Cambrian, Cab. — Porphyriiic, For. — Trachytic, 
Tr. — Volcanic, Vol. — 2. Sedimentary Series: Silurian. 
Sil. — Devonian, Dev. — Carboniferous, Car. — Penean. Pen.— 
Tria>sic, Tri. — Oolitic, Oo. — Cretaceous, Or. — Tertiary, 
Ter. — Quaternary, Qua. — and Modern, Mod. — 

For sake oi bievity, we have: fr. fertile: str. sterile: 
for. forest; past, pastumge; sw. swamps; bar. barren; &ct. 

Ttie Observations marked with Asterics * were commu- 
nicated by friends, or made by former travellers: we are respou- 

sible for the otheis. 

Sorin? Hill Coll. Drc. 1868. 



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Survey in New Granada continued. 6 

CULMINANT POINTS taken by Trigonometry, in the bii^in of the 
Rivers Cauca and Magdalena, for reference to geography- 



CiTATluN.'«. 


Lat. LoN 


Aj 


Buey, Papas lake, 


1..58 7(j,22 


448. 


Sotora Volcano, 


2 04 ,2- 


4774 


I'urace Volc- 


,10 ,09 


4676 


Trtilln peak. 


,27 ,51 




finila Volc- 


3,02 ,04 


301 r 


Gelimn peak, 


.03 ,35 2.500 


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4.3f) 75 36 


•)48-) 


Qiiindiu pass, 


,4o id- 


(2or 


Pnramont Ruix, 


,5o 


.)ol3 


Peak of Sta Marta, 


11,04 74.00 


5fioo 


La Vela' Cape, 


12,2o 72.40 


35. 


Oruba Peak, 


,3o 7o,15 


7oo 



^t'oTES. 



Andes'te; perp, ice; source of river-i- 

Through state, thrach\te basalt stilph. 

Icy flattened active solfuiare; basalt, 

Qunrtzite metalliferous ? 

Rruption in Nov- 1847- 

Metall- fjiiartzitC ? 

.\ndesite hiisalt sulphur; i.^e lit 4800 tnt- 

\ndesit basalt wet sand- 

Kternal ice on andesitic tnichyte- 

Group of metamorph, rocks- 

"Vleiam.iphic dry rock- 

Meiam- conic lock- 




Geological Section of the Andes, between N. Lat. 2—3 degr. 1847 



R» MARKS, For the beneiit of nnv persons contemplating settl* ment.», 

the country, heretofore d. s.rib.d, is naturnlly divided into five longiiudinai 
sections- The following remarks will surti up the relai.ive value of each. 

l.st. The western slope along the Pacific, is a damp, unhealthy, impene- 
trable t'orest, rich. Indeed, in precious wood and useful vines, sar*apanlla, va- 
nilln, &.C. and especially noted f..r its platii a drift, hut it is tit only for Jaguar 
monkevsand runaways. On account of dampne.-s and perennial mud, the in- 
habitailts, mostly negroes, live upon nee., or in rudely constiu.-ted cane huts. 

^d. The Cn'ucn vallev mnv be called the Rl Dorado of New Granada. Is 
is warm but open and he'alihy;" rich in rolling Placeres and solid or.^s of gold, 
&c. its soil is r.atuialv fit for any tropical plants, banana, sugar, coflee, hi- 
hucco, cocoa, gum trees, cinchona, &c. There is however a drawba.-k to th,» 
favored spot: communication with the sea coast is obstracled by falls in the 
Cauca, and by shoals in both the Dagua and JN'are rivers, and wheel carnages 
are as much unknown as rail roads. , v i, i j 

3d. The Magdalena valley, in the upper part, is a dry broken land, or a 
poor pebbly sand: the lower, an endless damp forest, crossed by qaadrumane» 
only, and where trials to settle, till now a day, proved fatal. 

■ 4th. The Plains of the Meta, at the foot of the rugged slaty range, are an 
inaccessible ocean of sand on dry and low granite, with clusters of wood, un- 
inhabitable, annually overflowed by the streams. 

5th. The Plateau of Bogota, 2660 mtr. high, is the most congenial with 
the habits of temperate zones. Salt, coal and building material abound; (stone) 
grass and most other products of temperate climates thrive here, ex.-epi wheat 
and grape vine. No forests. Mules onlv can reach this aerial spot; the climate 
is falubrious, but as it is too unitbim, health requires an annual cliange of local- 
ities, even for natives. 

PRECAUTions: Avoid dampness of air and s-iil; poisonous springs generaly 
marked: crossing narrow valleys in the evening. Be cautions in the use of 
fruits and liquors; Travel 8 to 10 miles a day. In spite of great care and pre- 
caution, in this country, the law of vitaliiy will suffer a check. The age ot 65 
years is a muximum, and 70 a phenomenon of human Jile.^ 



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Juluicu ni.Hint, I .():> :,'i:i i'i(Hi 

Kiel,, p.Nik. 

S.in Difj;.. vnlcaiio, | ,17 ,04 Srdri^'s dli^i; ucl in^ l ti^^ oa t imi.I of Giii j: 

W . end ofGiiiia lak i .Hl 0,.")S N^ ^'i' 'ny f!ie Uik. , .M(Ia|>a licli iicii (iic 

ChiiiKo vilcaim, 1 ,0(i , l!» H.i^h .-olal . .)ii n.llint! l |- laud; .-ter- 



^. 



^*^" 



J. s. 



^*^ 



mala, betwoea 11. 1") and 15,20 degr. Liil. 185t). 






i;E.\lA[iK>\ Tl.e r.>ni.trv lior.'tnfon' .lesrrlLed, f'-T its nvularily and irrej;- 
idari'y, is dividrd into /.<iii s r.n i rlastMS ill " it'ne uf wLicli is simiincd u]i tlim: 

!sl. 'I'll.' Cnasi aioM", Miiiidiiias s;'a r. insists, dii the S and VV. alona; s|)anisli 
iiiiiid.'i s, ia iiaiTiiw ;Miii;rs lieiwecMi s|Mns of |Miniary n ■cks, and on the NW. 
,'!iiii,'; luiiish Mini. hi as, N . of l)i' isi', in a wide Uiw p uiii w it h swamps and 

1 (s ll IS ) I'll, indiM^il, ill rii'cii.n?. v> d and lis tnl nhmts; iirii)(;anhy ceiiar 

:. i)a-iiiil ban. UK! s i isu|iai iia v;l lilLa ■nanioe \'a-, lidr, fol' il'? hiw siluiit .)ii, it, is 
• iiy UiiSicahby especlah'y ii' si ri ji|ied <if iis hnesls. Daring; two ecu: nr-ies, tii" 
"iajs foi sritl-.-uiiMiis, Oabo (li arias, P.'t.iok liv, Puerto de sal, Tilli,(J riv, a /! 
i iiitas-f-iOidas, ^, bv ili'iusi is ) |j1.ivc i'alal to whites, ttl. 'i'hoDiart wh.s lately *! 
■ tieadful failui-e, Tnixillo (J;noa and YzahaJ .He p»or, i'jelis.', not. pfosperous. 
(1 ■nU and Zamlio nc^^iocs only caa liv,. there and cut, wood I'of whites. 

2d. The Coast abn,;.. the Paellie, (i i o >! miles iiiltind, is ii series of quieksaiid 
More or Ics.s rnovihie hills. ( (bines carried b.y S\V win. I, ) with very inihealthy 
swamps b.twren th ni. No .sellleinenis, aild i.he harbor of Jktapa is not, woi(.h a 
\i^il; by the California sleamrrs line. 

3d. The EscLiintla Zone. 20 i.i 30 mile.s wide, h'etw. the liiJoial dimes and 
the volcnnic line, ],< a vi-iy !i(-li soil, covered v.ilh high forests, crossed by deep 
creeks, easily irrigated, aval. aide for i'arniiiii', and healthy. There thrive e(.>-<.;i, 
siie-ar i:iii];,r|, „„,\ ospiv-iailv. becaiis." o! periodical riiiis; eocbiaeol. But there. 
is a drawback: cnininiiniral io' s a iv tedious bv iiie I'aoKic, and diffi< uit, mule- 
back, to 'i/abi4l tilion-b rai-'^ed -ilouiilains and hot valleys. 

4th. The zone of Volcaaoe.;, liiore inland, is covered with a dry pumice ashe. 
deposit., feiiile nn'y ih-rc wbcr.'. in forme.' bikes, a biybr of cnrnpact ciay w;is 
not carrnd away I'lv '.ij,,-,- wiitel-s, as in the ravlned plateau of (i iialemal.i city 
On the bii;li land ("Abos') NVV of Cliiatema la, wheat can jmow and siifiice f() 
lionie consumoilon, and, in tliis mtii'd country, somenairow and broken beds 
ofcoal were found iini; no! worked i'or ; heir inaccessibility. 

.Itb. The group of riig,i:ed primary peaks, between Gnateinala and Chiipb- 
TTiila, i-oiilai'ns nnrreW brv Valb^v's s.Oecied I'V indiaiis only and i.iaccossiblc. 
'J'hc tame reii'arks aiv -ood lor the lii-h dry ■idg-e of Ve-a Pav, where Indians 
inanage to l<eep from slaiA'ng, because with tortillas am! iiijoles t ley starve 
in.where. Finailv the meiallic group bor.leiing Homlnras, allbnir_-l; nigged bv 
tiie inoumbiiig broken saiidsione plateau, contiins With silver mines, heaiiliy 
places for farming, but it is the most inaccessible. 

Life is confortahle i'or 1 ndians but not ki iVir wliies. Tbelaboi of In- 
dians Is calculaied as worih _j oi' wliilr- labor. Wlii.d veliicb-s are :e in i.di uu- 
known us railroads. Tlie .a e ^ , h e LiTiiip's at impi o\ f-neni s wei. siiecked 
by deseases, locusts, im' ilmea k<' ■><■■,-] . iv:! .ew.hjlions. 




"^ ' - K-'-- ' ' 'r— O"^ ? ~ ? "• 2 '■■'' "•' 1 S -: 3 i-fo '"*= S '"^ •= -' 

£-•'- § r 7^ ^ 5 '^ 3 3 5 ^ !^ -E =- c 2 S P i'^ — ^ "".^ j\ ~ =■■ 
i-"^ ,5 ^ ?- '-< ?. - < ~ ? ^ r- !^ — < 2 -. ? 5^ ^ » ? =^; „ S T: 



: 3 2^ f 



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P < -^ o- ,? -^ 5 



_'Tq 



Culmiiiant points taken by trygonoraetry, for the geogra^ili^^ 
ol Mexico. 1854, 



Mt 



A maliiiche pcik, 
.1'ijp(>cat(>f)i'tl Vdlc. 
Istaccihiuiti Vole. 
Aiiisco ^^i!c. 
Toluca \',, \V of M. 



Lat 


Lon. 


AlTi 


!9,i:i 


1,11 





18., 37 


34 


'.400 


19,12 


0,27 


4787 


IS;-VJ 


0,14 


•■903 


i.O.U) 


0,3:^2 


447(J' 



NotPS. 



Tr.ichvts liasalls* 

13, sol'fat, Bar. 38-2,.'3 iro nt. 

Id. extinct, ice at Bar. 43 J. (J 

Jfl. occasionaly snowy. 

I(i. and pumice. 



4300 iDts. 



W 



^~ 



Section of Mexico, between 18,0 and 19,30 degs. Lat. N. 1S.')4- 

llEMARKS. Tlie State of Mexico, likewise as that of Guati'iiiala, may 
hv divided in longittid-inal zones, as follows; 

1st The Gulf Coast, 25 miles inland, consists in an unhealtliy line ol' marine; 
diiiics, and in a hot sandy plain with j'oor ])ariurage- 

■2d The Pacitic Coast, 20 mis inland, near Acnpulco. consists in a line ot 
.swampy saud nnhabilable and a line of dry and sterile pranite- 

3d The Slaty Zone, cither to the cast, as at Cordova, or to the we.-i, as at 
Oiieniavaca ami Oajaca. Tiiese zones are the mexican Edens, for their ve,i;^'-i- 
able pruilijcts: jirecious woods, cochineal, coffee, indis», cocoa, susar corn &C- 
Let a w:i.r,„i road to be ojjeac.i, workmen to he sent and civil order to be re- 
establis).e"d and these zones \x ill be the Ei Dorado of Ameiica. 

4th 'J"he metallic Line, on the western slope of the slaty formation, is_j)oor, 
indeed for vegetation, but it abounds principally in silver ores- According to 
the last calculation, the product of the Syenit po'-phyry, before iho year IS-hi, 
vither coined and not coined or exported by conlrebaTide,- was at h asl; 

Silver extracted before 1853, coined for $ 2,480,351.443 

.iK.erand,old not coined , S27..00,^0 

Gold coined ; r.Alo 

Copper coined o,/ 3*,,S^ 8 

Total extracted during 332 years - $ 3,407,417.87b- 

f.tn The Volcanic Zone, running at once from SE to NW, and E to W, i^ 
g-cnerallv poor for cultivation, except there where a lake boUom is io bejiaind 
as in Puebla, Mexico and Morelia's valleys- The iraehylic balooas mav fnniish 
i;ood limber! and the lava a superior ma-eria! for building on a movible s.nl- 
Travelleis nujsMl=e ,esv.-cially alonu th- coast-., ■ iie s.iaie precaulions as 
in Central Airi ii. -a ai d New Gran-da, principaky d:M;iig ilie ninv s,^as.j(n 
from Aiiiil to > >c:obi"- 



K ? a: iT' 51 2 



3 r— ( >— I 



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3 ^' T>' ^ 



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TO 



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i E:^ " £. -i 









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ffl 










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20 

REMARKS on The Aiitilli'S. In dnlci- To apprrciiili' ihi' rwinontl and Vi'ircfrJ 
resources of these ishinds, we may divide them iiccorch'ng to their gensrrafhic ;tl 
form, to their geological formations and lo the volcanic and hydraulic rcvo'ii- 
tionsof they were and they are till now the theatre, 

H we take off the large drifted hank of Bahama crowned wiili (-orrals, as a 
prize for fishermen, and a museum of shells and spon.ees; it" we add the const 
range of l^i^ria Cape, Caiacas, Guajii'a, Sta Maria and the Fopu mount of 
Cartagena, which, by u. light lising of the sea, conhl become a line of island.-i, 
there will remain, for the Antilles, from Yiicalan to Virireii L:,!., to Paria Cajie, 
to Darian gidf, a quasi circular line of islands, in the shape of S3 , arou/id 
the Caribean Sea. 

The granite, or metamorphic hase, submerged in the curve of the small ea-t-r 
ern islands, appears on the south of each branch, in Pinos isl., Jamaica anil 
llayii;) and ilj the coast range of S. Anieiica The sliite and cnlslate, probably 
carboniferous, is to be seen from Faria cape to SB. of Cnba; ( 'J'rinidad, .Viar- 
tinica, .laiTiaica anfl Santiago, ) The pnrphyric trapf), with capricious met-dlic- 
veins, cspeci cop[)er, is very developj)ed from Duniii'i(-a isl. to Yucatan, (Vir- 
gen isl. Porto rico Hayti. E. Jamaica, E. and W. of Cuba,) Volcanic trachyts, 
basalts and lavas ])redominate, froin Martinica and St. Vincent as ceiitors of 
eruption, to the islands along the coast of Caracas, and at the NW. to I he top 
of Blue Mountains of Jamaica, but, here and there, a crater is not to ho seen. 

After this geological working, deeply disturbed by Voh-anic action, atlaiuic 
currents rushing at first from EN,E. as now from ESE, washed, ( as it is to be 
observed in all the ridges or groups in America,) the eastern s'ope of the an- 
tillan emerging peaks, and accumulated, on their western foot, boulders, ii h- 
bles, sand, clay, guano and bones. This fact, referred to the last geological age 
was observed, ( personal ) on the east, and west, slope of the Andes, from the 
equator to Mexico, likewise as in the NE. of the U S- In the Antilles, these 
generally rich but unhealthy drifts are to he found, sheltered against tlie sea. 
currents, by an east- primary peak, in west- and middle parts of Cubji and .hi- 
maica, Na.vasa, Inagua, S- Tlioine, Dominica, Oruba, Monks, ( Maracaibo ) 
Rio Hacha, Cienega, and in the gult ut Honduras. 

Returning on our steps and applying, we have: 

1- The Granite dry and poor alloi(is, on the N- good timbers, and on the 
S-, cactus and thorn y plants- 

2- The Slate, although less extended, is the best for coffee tobacco cocoa 
&c- besides it contains galena and some indication of coal- 
s' The porphyric trapp generally soft affords good dry soil for farming, hut 

it is steep and broken, and preferable for pisints which require no irrigation- 
Timbers and copper are its principal products- 

4- Volcanic deposits are gener. dry and poor, except perhaps in Martinica- 

.5- The Drift rolling at the foot of the peaks, when covered with clay, is the 
most ])roductive for any equatorial plants- Som ;where, as at .VJoraiit point,, 
in Navasa, and Monks isl. an appearent sterility is a sign of too niui-h fe- 
eondity: there are to be found ri( h guano and buried bones. 




Sc-ctioii fVoni Florldti to Orinoco Riv, through Cuba, Jamaica and Caracas. 



21 
Strvey in rxiTKi) States. 

I'rKIJMINAKY Kl^MAKKS. 

The Siirvi'v wa< maiie, in ttie l.'niteil Stutes, in tlic samft 
wav aii.i vvirli tiip saii!^ iii-t?-iiiii('iits<, as in the orl'-er cuint ri(?-; of 
the Snnili; Imr, foi tiifi ilifferenrp in latituiif. a diffii'iily occnrrpd 
in cah-u'ariiig, witli the ijaro iiHt/M', the l.eiiJ:hr of the various 
s'ation,s. A stamlarl haroitu-'tei- was ohsorvHil, t'onv tiun^s a (Usy, 
diu'iiig ten .>ea!s, at iS|iriii,;): Mill cohcgH, tiieaiiwhiie another one 
was carri! li rfi|j('aierily an i oi).--erveii in mv road rais and stagf-. 
The dit'f.M-fnce of tlie rri'iemial cohnrui, in '>(>th in-t innients, whs 
it'com.se ih'^ ai>;ninenr tor the metrical lnMi.hr o tin? s'ations ic- 
flVrcd to Spniiii Hill, 54 metres ahove ihe l^vel "| uio sea. Hji , 
ar a great di-tance fVom our s'arling poi it Sp. U . as ah^ng iho 
ailantic ami western Ktat<-'S, f'^r locul afmos) hi^vlc i. Hncnces, the 
vvorkin,i< of the instrnnients was neirhpr 'N]na! nor paialiel, and, 
consrquent.iy, there wa-^ to be an error in ilie iieiuUi. 

There were two wa}-s for th'^ r-orrf>cti'n of the eiT'ir: I. to stay 
fioiiie time in some stations, to H oi out the avt-r^gc hiMtiiit ai \h>t 
haromcfer and niak" thetii new stnrtin;^ poinis. Two rnonths m 
Kew York; one, in Uetruir an! Chicai;-! ; iwo, in >St. I.onis; one, 
ill western L nsiana; two, in (Joliimbns '.^a.; one, in Tuscahiosa; 
and one or t^-o wet k<, in varion- places of A'a., Ga. Tenu. iJur. 
V rg. and. M I. were not eaongii for the purpose. 

2. To pass, rapidly by rail road, with the instruments, during; 
a calm weather, at teat twice, from a station to anoiher, and, 
wii.h due correcti'Mi, conclude their relative height. Tins nsethod 
was fonnd practictlly far better tiian the iiist. 

The iollowing Talde contains the stations, the height o' whi.oh 
was better a-ceriained, and they are starting jioints for all the 
iii'en.iicdiate stations. 

Lati ude an'i L mgitnde are omitted as useless iii a eountiy as 
weli known as Europe: few points were observed, as Spring Hill 
Stone Mountain, Ga, and Lookout peak, Tei^n. ^fec. 

The Temperature of water is that of the d.cp wells and cona- 
uion springs. 



•0 o 



t'R:;i.iMi\ \'!V T .I'.i.n:, 

Av(M-;\i.>!> baronu'tiie ami MK^tric height of tliH sta'iin_r point,' 
for the Stnvcy in Ttie riiiteil States. 18.t7 — ly;'.) 



STATIONS. 




HKK 


iHT. 


SB. 




B;,ln. 


M(<n 


Spriu- Hill roll. 10 


y. 


7 (;!,■-> 


54 


Mrxicali Gulf, 




7o!) -2 





Gulf, 




Uio.S 





iSriin:i, tiines 


3 


.')S.8 


7(i 


1 'cniDpolis, 


•J. 


:)(i,9 


97 


'l'iisc;ilf)i)sn, 


I 


51 rt 


15ii 


K.imi|\ (-ill. 


o 


4o8 


220 


Kniijstoii, fil. 


■j 


4 I .« 


.■(id 


Af.iLuila, 


■i 


'■] 1 ,'2 


380 


Gulf. 




7(;(;,4 





iMontnnnicry. 


4 


■'7,2 


100 


(>|M-liL;;i, 


4 


4 1 ,5 


272 


Ail.-iiilu, 


1 


y.f) 3 


399 


Kingsii'n, 


1 


40,3 


280 


(/'h;iltiinoogii, 


] 


■4I10 


2(i8 


G:i]f, 




7«8,r) 





( )|i clica, 


4 


49.1 


■212 


GMJi.nibus, Ga. 





6-2 ,0 


70 


INIiK'on, (i. 


•' 


riSyi 


110 


Gulf. 




7()8,l 





(Jolunibur:, 1 miiiit 


1, 


57.1 


lis 


Mncori, g-H, 


a 


53. :3 


Ifii) 


Mil<-i!-(.vili<', 


1 


4!). 7 


lf)9 


Millcti. 


'J 


.VJ,3 


171 


Auf^usia, 


~ 


59,8 


90 


G-lf, 




7f;8,n 





Kimip, 




.52,3 


171 


Kingston, 




48,1 


218 


(Jhatlaliiiogu, 




4!), 3 


205 


Gulf, 




768,(1 





At.laiira, 




34, r, 


369 


Kingston, 




44,8 


254 


GhaitaiKioja, 




4(j,i 


240 


Gulf, 




705,5 





King;s|-oii, 




48,1 


190 


Chatl:;innofri(, 




49,4 


175 


KiiDwillc ()cpi)f, 




4(;,() 


208 


lii-i>(..l, 




27,4 


422 


/,_VJI(iihii-j; i!('|iiir, 




07, '1 


85 



STATIONS. 
E 



HEIGHT, ' 

Bnh) VI, .fr ! 



Gnl|-. 

OhaUMiM.uL-a, 8 .Ivs. 

Kiioxvill,-, 

Bristol, 

Lvnchbni-g, 

I'l't.oinn'-, \V,ishiiie:r,. 

Afiiint Oc-eau, 

Gulf, 

KrioxVilic, 
Bristol, 
Lvn<-hliurg, ' 
OciMu. 

G ITT.F. siuilP tinio, 
Oci-an I'olotiKi,-, 
Waslnuoton (l,'|.ol, 
Lyuclibui'g, 3 ilays, 

Drjil \v;in» ri^■. 
BaitiiiKjre foot of uit. 

Gulf, 

0(-ean A quia creek, 

Ri(4mi'iii(l depot, 

Danvilb". 

(ii-renbo'O. 

(n'ceiil)oro. 
Chailouo, 
Columbia, rippot, 
Ohal'le.ston, (Ippot, 
Oci'an, Suinpter l'. 

Gulf, 
Ocean, 

Chailohton,-8 days, 
Augusta, 
Atlanta, depot, 

Ocean, 

Augusta, 

Atlanta, 2 

Marou,' 2 

Eufaubi, cat. clinrcli. 

Colurubus, 



760.3 

4 6, .5 
43.7 
24.5 

5 4,7 
69 

769.;; 

768,0 
44 7 
2.5,5 
o5,7' 

7/0,2 

766,0 
770,6 

5.5,9 

770,6 
6(i,0 

64,5 
774,3 
68,7 
59,5 
519 

747.5 
48,9 
61.5 
68.0 
68, (i 

766,0 

767.(1 

«6,4 

62,5 

33.8 

769,.) 
65,0 

36. ;< 

56,2 
60.6 
59, (i 



! 
205 
2:18 
453 
115 
- 39 
■- 40 


254 . 
471 
133 





1 60 






60 ; 

159 j 
243 1 

220 I 
■215 I 





6 

49 

368 

0' 
49 
37 7 
154 
i 02 
114 



PRKLiMiNATiY Tabf.e continned. 



I'ATiQNS. 
SE. 



Ciulf, 
Eufiuila, 
Macon. 
Columbus Ga. 
0|»-lirci, 
Tvluiitgomevy, 
Mo'iiilp squiiro, 
b;i>nng Will Coll. 

I^ouisiAnA, 1859. 

Guif, 

New Orleans, 

N<'w Ibi'iia, 

8t,. .M;irtitisville, 

Gr;Hiil (.'dtrnu GoU 

VV .isingStmi. 
Clieiieyviilc. 
Alexandria, 
Natchitoches. 



HEIGHT ( 


Bart). 


Met., 1 


770,0 





61,9 


87 


r,6fi 


1.-.2 


61), 


108 


45,-2 


271 


! (SI.7 


89 


i fi9 4 


6 


7('i>y 


54 


771,1 





-0,9' 


3 


70,0 


11 


(;s,i 


30 


1 67 ,r^ 


37 


i 67,(» 


42 


(w,(i 


3(5 


fi.=i,l 


53 


'■ fi:^,.5 


70 


i <n,5 


9H 



STATIONS. 



Red R. confluent. 
Baton Rou-ge. 
Galt\ ' 

Nkav York 1857. 

Ocean, 2 months 
New York. 
ForcUiam coll. 
Hudson Palismdes. 
Cohoos upp. tall. 
Buffalo. 

Sandwich. 17 days 
Cliica-jo. 
, St. Louis. 3 month.- 

St, T.oul.-J . 
Mejvican Gulf. 



HEIGHT 
Baro Metr 



766,8 
66.4 
68,0 



764.': 
G4,0| 
63,0 
43,6 
59,31 
47,0] 
46.1} 
41,7! 
47,5! 
I 

75 1,2 i 
766,0! 





8 
18 
165 
54 
178 
186 
228 
170 

150 




Conclusion'. 

From this Preliminary Table, the average Height of some 
either praeipal or calminant Stations, may be settled; and they 
can be taken, in the Survey, as Starting Points for the int-erme- 
diate Stations, through the Country, 

We give here the average height of tho.se Stations which-, in 
travelling with a Barometer, were at least twice visited. 



Spring Hill colL 


metres 54 


IJemcpolis. 


97 


Tuscaloosa. 


15(-) 


Helm a 


76 


Montgommery, 


100 


Opelika. 


.271 


Columbus, Ga. 


113 


Macou Ga. 


16;:. 


Atlanta. 


asi 


Kingston. 


266 


Chattanooga Tenn. 


208 



Lynchburg. 
Greenboro Car. 
CoUimbia, S, Car. 



metr. 



Grand Coteau coll. La. 

.Natchitoches. 

St. Louis, Mo. 

Chicago. 

Sandwich. Upp, Canada. 

Buffalo. 

.Pordham coll. 



155 
231 

77 

37 

91 

160 

228 

ISo 

178 
18 



24 
SuiRVEY IN The -United States. 1857-00, 



Alabaka. 

SxATions. miles. 



Height tem. 

Barometr wat. 



Spfing- Hill coll. 6 
Mobile city, 
Whistler, 
Citronelle, 



Entei 



■pnse. 





.5 

33 

120 

-Meridian,. 13.5 

Marion, 140 

Sukarnatsliy riv, 163 

Gainesv. Juncti. 164 

Becksville, l7l 

Gainesville Bluft;i86 
/ 





Ibidem. 
Bigby riv. 

Collins hills, 5 

Hebron summit, 7 
Pascal artis. well, 9 
Clinton, 12 

Union, 18 

Chamber's spring 20 
Ibid, house, 
Stephens knob, 24 
Bealc's house, 33 
Old river bottom, 34 
Fostflr ferry, 37 

Black Warrior r. 
Lake bottom vail. 44 
Tuskaloosa Foster 45 

Ibidem 20 days, 
Tuskalonsa bhifF. 1 
Black AVarrior r. 
.Xorth Fort, 2 

First Gap, 3 

Commina farm, 6. 
North River, 
Scale house, 7 

Yellow riv. 10 

Hard Scrable, 12 

Black War. shoal. 14 
Yellow r. blurt'. N. 20 



63,9 

6S,4 

67,1 

60,7 

61,1 

.57,5 

11. 

63,6 

63.0 

62,3 

60,2 

66,7 
70,9 
65,5 
65,1 
67,5 
66,5 
61,5 
67,5 
63,5 
58.5 
63.5 
66,7 
65,4 
67.5 
63,5 
62,6 

60 3, 
59,5 
65, -2 
62,3 

59,5 



Observations. 

Nature of tbe Soil; its iertiiity, &' 



Tuskaloosa, 
River bottom. 
Monterey hill, 
Oanteridse, 
Sandy rrei^k, 
Havana village, 
Greenhero, 
Newljurn. 
Mnrion, 
il nion Town.. 
S K ) yi \, 



21,4 



763 
G7 
61 
63 
66 
65 
64 
68 



21 ,3|Lat. 30,41 Lon. 88, (i. Fornig- santi, j-nie 
21 .5 Sandy drift on marsh; pines oaks garden. 
.. jUndulat. sandy plain: pine bairon. 
.. Id. more fert. oak pine forest, corn- 
.. iSandy clay" undid, on rotten mari; cottn- 
20,0 Clay on rotten eocene limeat. cotton cru 
Id. fertile; forest scare, cotton corn- 
Swampy clay; thick foi'- 
Rich clay on white f;oce*ie limest; cottn- 
Id. undul. cotton and corn field- 
Clay and pebbles on eocene Hmcsl; id- 

Pleasant healthy place, bad water. 
In overflow, 26'ints deep, some shoals. 
Very ferrug. sand- rolling on mail, juior. 
Id. on slaty micace. Siujd.'^tone; poor soil. 
.8|Sandy clay; wider valley, good waf. ciii- 
,■5 I Id more sandy on eroded sla(y sand.-t 
,5iVery rolling slaty sandst. dry soil, jmjiu- 
,0|ldem. dry soil; pines on the sununits. 
Same slaty carbonif. sandstone; jioor- 
Culminant point of the hills; pinis- 
Idem. very steep hills of sandst pines. 
Rich narrow valley; foi-. cotton- 
Pebbles and. sandy clay; 
0; Reaching in overflow, 23 mts sho-ils. 

JFei-tile sandy red clay antl pe-bl)!. r<it.tn. 
,8 Silic. pebbles and red clay; fert. cottu- 

Ricb farms, live oaks- 

Febbles with clay on carbon, sandslone- 
At the foot of the falls on coal bed. 
Same gravel with clay on sandsi; dr\- 
Very hilly and dry country; pines caks- 
Bluff 70 mtrs high on s;in 1st. and coal. 
Deep gorge eroded to the coal bed; foi- 
High bluff sandst. and clay; dry; spring. 
Coal bed eroded; pine and oak for- 
Plateau betw, deep gorges; wheat cottn- 
Coal 13 inch, thick into the river- 
Dry sand pebbles; high pine forest- 

156 Two voyages to Selma- 

112 Sandy swampy; rich cotton field- 

17 4 Di-y ferrug. sandy clay rolling; pines- 

L56 Idem; vp]ff rolling hills near the river- 

125 Sandy valley; cotton corn- 

139 Undul. ferrug. clay; cotton- 

130 Verj hilly red clay with fossilf. estuary- 

92 Uiidtdat. clay on eocene limest. cotton- 

120 Rolling idem; rich cotton field 

I20i Idem; cotton and corn tield, forest scare. 

76! 1.-' ,4 Plain of red clay on oocen lim"st. coitn- 



6 
23 

89 

86 
12U 
120 

58 

64 

70 

96 

"53 

109 

114 

90 

102 

154 

90 

134 

186 

134 

103 

118 

97 

138 

148 

156 
99 
129 
156 
170 
110 
180 
120 
230 
120 
250 



Survey in Tiih Uxited States contiuiuMl. 

! O^'Kervflt'ons. 



Aift Ga, 
.STATI0N8" mils 



ILMght 



Mer. 



Merid'an, Miss 757,0 IK! 

Tdiiibighy r.Dcinop. ! <i'2,'i ."'1 
l),.nu,p(.lis, r>Oi 5S.fi \17 



\\ 



\ III- Sdh. ] 



t-; ftTliliiv vl:.i-. 



. ... j! .'rliihif . )il,iiii 1)1! cnri'!!" mar ; li'\^ li'i'- 

iRrddino tiie sircp wliite I'oi^cn intirl- 
i\, On marl, \< rvn'Z. ^ilf^ : cori'in - min- 



FMUius.ialc ill- well (i<)| 54,3 1 42 ,2-! .r)!l,!,.m n.'iin;:; rnic>b scai-CL-. .iiv- 

I'nidii Town, 70! 5(i,l 120 lf> ,0i jflctii; v,-, v Irriil,- 

Mni-ion .lurcrion, Sfij 58,0 1()4S ]ia.-ni; Id^ni- 

CMhHwba r. biii-l.e- !'7i ()2.4 Tifi' jSwamjis: hiirli (nrosf-. ui li' nil liv- 

Selrnn, 100 60,4 Pfi 19 ,3i Uicli .-Uiv . u inaiv'; !,a,i j.vrii w.-.fM-- 

63 8 4! Raniinf;- f[iM»u:l! .irift, liriw lii-!: blufu. 

«0,9 7-i\ EocMH- marl hio-hlv iussiilitVrnus; v,,\U>u- 



Alahamn iiv. Selm-i, 
Chiibdriie bhif}', 
St. Slephons bllift', 



60 i 



0|76n,4 76 

n.| 64,5 84 

22 1 62,] 106 

53.5 102 



^r4iiia, 
Iiiirris\illo, 
riaiiteivsvill, 
Hniufolph, 40 

MoiilC'Vallo liliitT, 55 
Montivallo ci'iM-k, 
CohI mi dps, 
Shelby Spiiiig, 67 
Ciilumbiaiia, 73; 54.7 179 

^ViL^(,nville, 81 I 5(5.5 1G7 

Consa riv. bridef, 92' 59,5 13(5 
Tallade-u, " li9| 53,1 19lr 



Iden:; p 



nest oij fcnu". saint. 



CIkv on trr'-v f-oc'Ti" marl cdltDn lipM- 

!-n ly <4ay uitli p(4)l)l<'S nn slaty ^a;..l.-t. 

[fb'm: fni-i'.-t scaiv- ccTMi- 

liiui' calplafi' >-aiMisl ami irm ori'; piiof- 
7.4 152 17 ,7|C:M4:>>a. ^anrUf. :uul limcsionr; p.H)i-- 
60,4 1221 Udnii, l.«nl b^ssiliT, 

57.0 160 i!a Sdit siadsl. :; I.v,is2--! I'l . ihirk- 

54.6 180 18..0 Vpi-v Iniiy lliiiivt. and friTu,-. sandst; Cor 

Hi(di ii'in :a\v-; di-y lores;. 

RiiUine: limi'<l(inc ami sajidst.; ('■•r. 

CnlicaMiv b-rter d.iiK 

\\\'. Ic and blue .--ata-arDid niarb'e; uir- 



Mtmlord, 120 

Oxford, ^ 130 

Bliif iVlountais, 135 



10-^ 



51,5 3!4 jMouiM i.';<>iji lirhcst i'l.rt^sl- ■ 

49,5 2:<5 iRnidn^- -and-i lia,.-st; poajMadd b>r, 

47.4 250 l4,7|ldom; idr-ai; or.ikni rmintry- 
51 J 2!7i ;Eniai>'('d Clayey vnll.'v on nniesi: eotlnn. 

47.5 255' |!'(l)ldean<l sandy drib: (add sterlle- 
]0!)i 41,5318 iHilly linK-.~l. and liidlsKo t : weindd^lr- 
]K!| 49,1 24!.^ Narrow riidi VaHey, ul' ni; i'.ood watei- 
I93i 51,9 210' lldem; blue bidraui. iiuiest.; for. 
'iObi :-,2,3 i>lfi lG,3'Un limes!, I'ieb rbiyey d rii'f cotton corn- 

; 51. f/ li>:) I Naviuable Tn , tile lainy season. 

22(.i 48.1 2(i9 iGaeiss and iiiiraslate: poor ferost- 

279] 3S,1 380 14,5 (Iraidl roiling sterile- dry fot- 



.l;i<-ksonviiie 
(.'r. ss riain, 
(ieoraia Lin 
Cave S prill a' 
Relav !iou.sc, 
lO.m'e. 
Elov. hfi riv. 

KillOSK)!!, 

Aininta, 

Mobile, Oi 67.4 fi'.--. 

Carpenter l;iiidni.',26j 68,0 31 

Minetta bay, ^ 31 67,0 12' 

CanoH station, U\\ 00,8 16 

rollard, 72! 22 21, 1 

Everjrn.Pn, 104{ 61,0 74; 

Greenville, I4I (0,0 84' 

ajoiigommery, ]b6 f8 4 100 20,4 



Alabama li 

Mount Meiiis, 19 

'i'ailapoosa riv. 2 I 

Chebiiw, 00 

Lochepoka, 2 1 

Auluni, 9 g 

Oi' ii!<.-'.. 2.:o 



61,0 74 
57,0 HI 

58.5 96 
56.3 118 
47,3 21:) 
46,0 215 

41.6 271 



Sand and peobies; swampy bu- 
Kerrui;. qnick-anfl; dry jdrie ("or- 
idi 111 lolliiip; vt"-y [lom- pine barren 
Idem; dry jdae for swamr's- 
On eociMi marl, roilind sandy clay; for- 
Idem; vilb IVin-uu:. conoreti; cotni ce.rn- 
R(dl fei ru.ff. sandy (day on cretae. sand, 
lietw. brrng biutis. on eo(!eii marl- 
IJeduiaiinfi tdayey plain; fert. (adfon- 
Ideni; for ; coiton. 
idem; nii)i>- s.mdy- 
Granite; dry ii^iiing ]dnr for- ster- 
liiem; idem- 
Id. m; verv iKcdrby let (loer soil- 



:g 



SrRVnY IN" The Vsitkd States contiJiUGd. 



AU. O.i. 



Nranon 



ill EIGHT ;ti: 
iBoi- Mft. ! 



Cuss.-ta, 2(n 74!'.0 383 

"\v,,,;,, |',,;„t, 27l\ 4l:i i2-{7 

< ni:itt.:3hiii)lrlir('' riv i 4() (i '215 



_L.ii;r;]n;r''. 


•.■8S 


3(i,6 317 


] li\s:;ni.svilio, 


ml 


40.7 1277 


jNirw i\;in, 


;itiO 


.13 7 34 s 


T''n!rl;ui-i! , 


:M-J 


3U.7 37!) 


Al!;ir.l:i rlrjidt, 


;i(-iO 


30.1- 381 


Op^^licn. 


<l 


75-),6 -271 


Niili'iii, 


11 


58 ':? •2-i 


iSin nil's, 


91 


n-i.<\ lus 


Ci'imnbus Cia. 


28 


(;S7 113 


Cnliniibus, 





7.".!!,0 l]-A 


Gli;itl.;ihii..trli. 1 


'■'■'S'' 


b-2,n 7r 


Licm lfv,4. 




()3,4 (is 


(^inird R. 11 .lo 


V-h 1 


.■)8.4 117 


riuc peb/l)!* s lii 


1, 'i 


.V!.'! 1(34 


].<'\\i's rriH'k, 


5 


(i3,0 72 


,Loui:- lli'USi' hil 


1, 9 


5f..2 140 


fir B;n-iv5r:,mi, 


iv) 


•5H,4 138 


I!o.s,.,.;k, 


n 


51.8 188 


(ir;i! r's 'iirm. 


1:5 


54,0 1()4 


Vnrt Miu-iifl, 


]9 


r,7,5 128 


Coil.rn. 


33 


58,6 118 


I'lliciii ypriiig, 


(ii) 


.'il.ti If) a 


K u i a u 1 ;i , 


90 


()1,5 98 


Colmii' us 





767,0 1 13 


UpiUoyc, 


20* 


63,0 153 


Gi'iicva, 


30 


()2,(i 158 


B.Ktl.T, 


SO 


(52,0 U)4 


Fort VMllry, 


71 


6'l,5 170 


i".:w('|-sviilp, 


80 


6U,9 184 


;';;hocoiiee. 


8.1 


b-4,6 14.9 


Ivlacon, 


.99 


63,0 1.55 


Eufiiula bliifT. 





763.5 98 


Jdom Shoi-t.-r h 


IIISO, 


61 5 10.9 


Chatt;;ho!.i,<-li(.e 


riv. 


67,3 Co 


(ivtiigvlnwn, 


] 


63.6 77 


N. Ill-is, 


]•} 


63,8 76 


Cuthbi r^, 


24 


60,5 120 


yniithviilt^, 


5!) 


64,0 94 


Aiii'Tirus, 


73 


63,9 95 


Aiidfisiiii, 


87 


63,1 103 


Fiiiir nv. 


.'•() 


65,7 77 


OalcLTPo. 


ft 2 


65 ;0 84 


JNJMrtl ii'svibo, 


Ji.S 


64,3 9 1 


K.m-i\-h11,v, 


115 


57,0 ir.5 


AlHrn,,. 


IJ ■ 


.-,8,0 L>5 



Ob-^krv.xtions. 

XaljUT- ot' tbe st'il, it? frtilirv &r. 



14, 



f"'i:ci,s.s 41tI trnfi'.i'; rlry -.■ni!r i'nr- 
fd.-m; dry rnlling- b!:ick jnck piiio fav- 
'8bnais in nivt^imovphic vorks; ib-y ''i-ift- 
Oii <Tianit<\ fenug^. liiily clay b' ft. tbick- 
I'b'm; ninif'j,fcrtib'; curn- 
Iilrni: htviltby, <lrv; b,\v fur. 
ildrni; Hilly Kranitc; black jac-k fur- 
'-)'l(lciij; idem, barrcii- 



-- ;Ba!-r('n trt'^niitc.iiiul )jiici,-s corn- 
I Irlcm; pine dry for 

jOii ^'iiei^is, heavy mass of polibips; stor- 
OlUIaypv plain on mctamorphic; fert-Vottn 



(On thp fill of thn riv. 18 ) mts Ion:;. 

jOvcrtlow 17 mts head of na-%'ir;;ition- 

jHi'avy mas.-=; of pcbblrs vi^ry ravmod. stcr 
Idem. proiniMy i 'tacoou.:; sterile- 

lErodinfj- in pebble;* ;ind coar-p .sand; poor 

'Ked clay platea'j; oaks and pine.s; cor:i- 
, Oldem, \pry rtivined; pcbhle.s. jieaiiucs- 

ilVbbb's hifirhest point. .«ter- 
Hilly broken clay on g-nei^;s; oorn- 

jBroken narrow sandy v:i]ley; foi- 
llolHng- sandy cla-y on ma 1; tor. cotton- 
,7 Idem undulating; cotton corn- 
On eocen marl, pebbles and cbiy; cotton- 



lOn hilly gneiss, ferrus;, cluy; di'v for- 

;Lleni; idem- 
Idem, undulating;; Poi-n low for- 
18, 7 C)n pnei.^s, oid:irsed fertile valb^y; cottn- 

jldem rolling'; idern- 

jldem, corn cotton low for- 
Flat saiulv clny on coais. sand and ijnripg 

On innrl fcri-np-. coarpe sand 10 nilr tldi'k 

Sand and pebbles; 

Flowing- iuto leveled mar'; 

Hills of qnicksaiul; jioor, ]>ines- 

Swampy (piiksand; tor- 
Hilly clayey sand, on gi;oi:s? pines- 
jRolling clay; fei-rilo for-,pines- 
jldem hilly; for.-st, cotton s-jg-sr corn- 

Idon); roliing for- 
iLnrge swampy forest;! 
|l'T;a fei-rug-. .sniid}' clay; fertile. r-,i|,ton- 

idi ni hilly: pines corn- 

idi-m; - -. ■ 

iSnndy p'nin on gneiss, dr-y licalliiy- 



27 
Si RVEY ]K The United States. 1 SoT 69. 



Geougia. 




Height. ITEM 


Stat!()ti° _ mi 


es. 


BjiroTni'.fr'i 


VMt 

1<),2 


Mar on, 





760,8 15^. 


Houtiril, 


8 


58,1 1831 


Criiwfdidg, 


15 


ry2,.5 24.-) 




¥<<V!i\th, 


2ii 


51 ,-2 258 




Collfei's. 


32 


49,8 273 




Barnesville^ 


42 


47 1 301 




Griifj... 


60 


44.2 334! 


FnyrUp, 


67 


4r».9 3lii! 


I.'ivejoy, 


14 


43 7 :i50i 


Ji>nesl:)i)ro, 


81 


43,5 35-2 j 


Rough & Heady 


, 92 


42.,') 364, 


Atiitnta, 


k;:? 


41,1 3go' 

i 


Mrtcon, 





?6-2.4 lf.5' 


(JcrHiilgfp riv. 




«6.1 ll7i 


Orisworlfl, 


9 


56 U :i2:i i 


Gordonsvillc. 


50 


611,0 180 


Miliorlgrville d - 


P 37 


5S,6 195 1 


IVIc Intyre, 


.SI) 


61,0 170 




Droriee riv. bnd 


2.6(5 


65,0 lt>« 




DHvi.tboto, 


90 


57.0 211 




Cutliinifvillc, 


129 


6.5,0 I2(> 




Millon,' 


]r!3 


62,9 150 




S;i%iiMniih, 


-2l'l 


72.5 50 




t«a vail null liv. 




75,8 16 


Mi\hp, 





762, ft 150J 


Lawton, 


1 1 


81,4 163 


Augiwtii, 


5:j 


§8,7 8(>| 


Augui^ta, 





762,5 76'21,< 


Bflair, 


11 


r.7,0 125 




hei-z-'lia, 


2i 


50,8 203 




Doari!)<r, 


29 


49.3 216 




I'hompaon, 


38 


48 9 220 




Camak, 


47 


46,5 244 




Bsmett, 


57 


44,7 252 




C'roNvfordvillf, 


65 


45,3 248 




IJiiiiin Pt4 


76 


43,4 262 




Gl'eenboro, 


84 


44,3 254 




Ocoiiee riv. 


89 


48. 1 228 




Madison, 


104 


41,3 293 




Siicial Circle, 


120 


35,8 3.52 




Covington, 


130 


40,1 305 




Lithonia, 


147 


35.6 354 




Stone ni'tain vil 


. 156 


33 4 389 




Stone mount. 


158 


17.3 575 


GJ 


Idem East foot, 




42,0 286 




Decatur, 


168 


32,4 389 




Atlanta, 


174 


33,2 381 





Ofl.SEKVATlON«. 

Nature of l.he Soil; its fertility- &<!• 



'! 'I'Wo v(vyM,i;e-; 

.Hravy mass o( s.ind at-d pebl>le.x; fterile- 
iMicHce red cfey on roll, micaslate; poor" 
Udoiii lo.isdry; ht^nllbv, pn.iroak for. crn 
I Idem nndnUld; h'sh rid^e on iht right- 
ildem; |>iior ,>ak for, corn- 
! Idem rolliiio; ,\f\ , pi.oi- 
jldrm. on trmnii,- vcrv j'oor; healthy- 
'id hilly; st.-rib- 
ilde™ roliinfj f-h v. 
(>ry barren graniteJ STorvinir ftaUf- 
Idem - 



j Runninfi: in ;rn''i.-i.«, briw rtaiiil lilnffs- 
iVVbitf jxu'reliiin rla\; oak |.o<.r fore.st- 
jlderri ravined; dry foi-'-st. corn. 
iTliick led dry clay deeply i;:vin.-d; 
iCIayey dry phiiii; oaks arid pines- 
'Oii g;nein«/ thro' deep mt'cao. clayi poor- 
iUndiilat. sandy clayey plain! dry for- 
'idem; iilem-" 

; (.'iidolal. .<iindy plaini dry f or- 
BlidVof feri!lp.«»nd, b.-l w, swamp?; cottrr 
J^\-.anipfl m\ the Sortlieii .siiore- 



jUnduh. clayey .-iand 
IKicti undulat. plain 



daiii' more fcrt- 
:oltoii, corii- 



, OJFoor of the j^inns.s and riv(>r's falls 

I Red sandy fanned clay, >m pniiss; dry. 

jKaolin white clay on rolling gneis.'^; tor- 

1 Hilly idem; drv jiine for- 

jClav on silicious rock; poor- 

iGranwake inclined 75o SE. idem. 

I Rolling idem; dry poor- 

jidern; ide?n, corn- 

jldem. 

(Idem; poor for. 

'Cl«\ey ravined drift; fertile, corn. 

I'ndulbt. dry [loor granit*. 

Hilly broken granit*-; idein, cold. 

Flat gninite; new clay less sr« r. 
hinrren hilly granite; poor oak clusters- 
JGraiiite; poor oak forest. 
, SINaked do?fie-like toarmalin. grariite. 
jSteep barren rock, in a creek, wildenie* 
I Granite rolling; v- fy poor soil- 
ildem. two series of ob«et iintioi,»< 



28 



Si:i:\Ev IK TiiK United Statei continued. 



S. Cah. 

STATIONS mils. 

Augusta, 

■FfiVaniiHli rivL-r, 

■Hamhiiro;, 

■VlHrsh's, 

(.■irHnitviUe, 

Aikin, 

\1 i.<l:.or. 
WillisK.wn. 
Black ville, 
CTKiham, 
Klidway EHiston, 
Braiichville, 

}i!,<'»o, 
SMmrrnrviUe, 

A^h'fy sw«mp, 
<;hnrl>'sion depor. 13 
1 t. {>umptef. ocetui. 

G*. Tenn. 





3 

8 

11 

117 
oo 

30 
38 
47 
56 
65 
7ri 
82 
lO't 
115 

1-24 



Hriight. 

i^ar. Met. 




Ailifitu. 


733,7 


381 




<"hHltahut<-hpe riv. 5 


41,3 


298 




Windings, 


8 


36 7 


348 




MariettH, 


2 


33,3 


;J86 




Ashwi.rth, 


85 


39,3 


320 




Ktctwliii creek, 


41 


44,5 


262 




Cartersvi le, 


47 


44,3 


264 




<'assvill<", 


52 


43,3 


275 




Kingston, 


59 


44,1 


£66 


14 


Ada'rsville, 


09 


43,9 


268 




(Calhoun, 


78 


46,5 


242 




Resaca, Echota iivg4 


45,5 


253 




Tikoi), 


91 


44,4 


263 




Ualtori, 


100 


43,1 


277 




Tunnel Hill. 


107 


39,9 


314 




Kiiigi)ld, 


115 


41,5 


296 




Gravsville, 


122 


42,7 


'.i88 




Chicamauga, 


128 


44,5 262 




(./hattanooga dp. 


137 


45,3 256 




)d calhol. chnrc 


ti. 


43,5 


274 


17 


Tenessee riv. low 


J 


47.5 


233 


17 


Omneron hill. 




34.8 


351 




Market street, 





748,4 


256 




Half way hotel, 


2 


45,5 


286] 




l»rink. tub, sprin 


?n 


25,9 


507 


16, 


Cave spring, 




19,5 580 




College waterfal 


, 


20.9 


565 




Lookout hotel, 


4 


13,5 648 




Lookout Rock, 




9.5 


702 




Lookout summit 




9,2 


70=^ 





Observations, 

Narnm of the soil, it^ fertilitv &c.. 

Rolling clHvey'plaiTi; fertile. 
Falls; iipnd of navi^atii.:.!. 
Hills !)f pahbles and sand; poor- 
Bi,c^ Horse'creek swamp-'.; fon'st. 
White quicksand very i-avinerd; barren. 
Hilly white and red qksa/idi pinebarreRo 
idem rolling sterile. 
On eocet! marl, grey qks.inJ; low for- 
On idem f(>rrug. sand; hilly, bettor for. 
Hilly'whitish sand; pino barren- 
Idem: idem- 
Idem variagflte more fert. coJ.tori corn = 
Idem hilly; pines, gra.sis- 
Idetn with large swamoy fors'Sts; 
Id. betw. large swps; pines; turtles- 
SiUid dunes fixed with pines; healthy. 
Uiidulat. sand on marl; pines gra.«.'^ 
Phosphate of lime in a large awanipy fur. 
Sandy deposit island-like betw river*. 
Foot of Ft. Sampler. Oct 1868. 

Sept. Oct. 1863. 

Granite; sti'ri'e.. 

Gneiss and slate;^bri)ken for. pe.or- 
On hilly slate, sandy red clay; cora- 
Idem veiy rolling; idem- 
i^neiss; idem; dry tor- 
Idem; broken lcind;"p')or"for corn- 
Montain. micaslate with high peaks; for. 
Idem; dry forest. 

Gneiss and micaslate hilly; poorfor- 
Idem; blue limestone; rolling for. pines 
Idem^very hilly; idom- 
Idem monlaii/ous. ])loasant for. corn- 
Idem, flat plain; Cumberl. ridge on left. 
'Tneiss hilly; dry. 

i'^errug. slate, hard sfindst, liniest. mt. for. 
Mem hilly; broken land; fein forest, 
[d. carbonif. sandst. on Chicamauga riv. 
Grauwake and limesr. hills; high forest. 
Hard sandst andjlimest. cl.ay drift; fert. 
, 4 Pebble arid clay hill; limesr. & sandst. 
i8 [n overflow 21 mts deep, shoals in rocks, 
ioudd clay hid on the river; grass. 
.\scension of Lookout mi. Sept. 24. 68. 
Foot of mt. huge masses of fallen, sandst. 
7So"thoriz()nt shtty sandstone; fore.' 
B i^e of the falling hard sandstone table; 
Oieek eroding the sandst. table; oaks- 
Soft sandst. on the hard table 15 m. thick- 
fdem steep; View of five states; dry for- 
Flat sa:»d[j>i. platau, one mle dia.n. ovlL- 



29 



k.-iivsY IN The United States continue']. 



Term. Va. 
Stations, rrii 



Chiirtanooga, •' 
Tiners, ^ 

Onawah, ^^ 

.McDonald's. ^i 

"Clev.-land, 311 

Ohaileston, Hiwa 4.2 
Athens, ■'>'' 

Ktr-ftffan'g, ^7 

IMiiladelphin, 7i 

hoiidou, Fr'ch br' S 
LeuoJr's, 9' 

iConcords, 99 

Kiioxville, depot 112 
Jbid. caihol. church, 
Holston river, 

Knoxville d«"p 
Mc Milieus. lU 

i^trawberv, bridge IG 



iSew Market, 

1-ulhott's, 

Moristown, 

Russelville, 

Roirersville, 

Middleway, 

Greenville, 

K'ullens, 

Telfords, 

Joneaboro, 

iJarier, 

Union, 

Uridtol, 



2f, 

34 

4-2 

48 

56 

■64 

74 

83 

93 

98 

110 

119 

130 



Height 


TEU 


Bar M ft. 




747,5 256 




45,5 277 




id. id 




43,1 302 




42,7 307 




4.-.,9 272 




41,5 319 




id. id. 




46,6 266 




46,9 262 




46,3 209 




45,5 277 




44,2 291 


16^ 


43,1 313 




49,0 24 i 


17,4 



ObSERVATIOK'3, 
Nature of the soil. 



tB fertiiitv &c. 



Abdingstoa, 



751,1 
50,3 
49,1 
43,5 
40.9 
36,7 
37,5 
40,3 
36.3 
29.5 
32,7 
29.,=) 
S5& 
31,5 
id. 
25,5 



291 

30u 
312 

379 

4; 18 

452 

410 

411 

456 

531 

496 

031 

5G9 

503 

id- 

577 



1 51722,0 



Cilades Spii:)g!», 28 
Marion, 44 

Mount Airy static. 58 



Whytheville, 7 

Martins, 92 

Dublin, W 

Central depot, 107 

('hristiatiburg, 118 

Big Springs, 131 

Salem, 144 

Big Lick, 150 

lionsaks, 35 7 

Libeny, 179 

«o.a s 183! 51.6 

Lynchburg dep 204 57,6 
ISorwell hotel, 2 days' ' 51,5 

V-QiiXi House, " J 5U,1 



21 
i5 
704 
11 
18 
13 
1 

14, 
34, 
40, 
43, 
36, 
46, 



8,y 



614 
620 
6^^2 



660 
714 
664 
703 
476 
4ni 
356 
420 
314 

179 
230) 
245 



Voyafffi to Washinffton. Sept. 68. 
tirlee of car!)- stmdsc ;t.)d !im«-fii;. for. 
(lilly soft, slati^; good forest- 
V^ry hilly grauvvake e.bJ slato; for- wh*at. 
Id. with ."lafr HM.'l iin3"Rt,. rii^h valley. 
Ids'm; n,nd pol)bl'-,s; rol!i''g: ibrtiU- 
Rolling pi!if5ion9 rock and !imB.-t. iJera- 
Idom; rich Vii,'l<!y; i-oni- 
Idem. enlarged vaily; ridT,-> irn th? r;.gbi. 
Cl.iy on ,?iiio. rock; heavy drift, for 
Hilly brokf?n grauwake; dry for- v.'heat. 
Idem; vertical strata; I'edfcrtilP! clay- 
Hilly ijealthy en'ara;ed vally; fein forfucs. 
Pleasant hill; red ciav on grauwiike. 
Deep narrow gorge; head of navigation- 



Rolling strait grituw. and lim, le-ss fBrt. 
Idem; uith ppiibi> drift; idfni- 
Idem; undular,. c<i!d poor forest- wheat. 
Idem; lidgfe on the ipft; idem- 
Idem cold wet poor; low foresu 
Idem rolling; poor- 
ttrauwake and slate; poor cold soil- 
Ideni^hilly; idem- 
Stralf. slate; scarce clay; cold poor. 
Id«m mivllin^; idem- 
Idem; id- low oak for- 
Ideni; cold- Blue Ridg-e on the right., 
idem montain.^ broken; poor- 
Idem and silici rock, broken for^' 
Idem rolling; cold poor- 

R<jllin2 fjruuwako and slate; poor- 
Idem; ^micasiaTe? cold low oak fur- 
Idem- very rolling- 
Culminant poiet; ridge.o d'irerted NE.« 
montain. through Blue Sidffe; r>oor» 
Idem; on New river, broken liiati* 
Idem; cold poor for- 
Idem; 

Idem; broken country- 
Idem; s'dphur spsza- 
On Staunton r. idem pof>r- 
Ornssing the Bine Ridge; dry fnreot- 
Micuslate spur of ISlue Ridge; idem- 
Narrow valley in tnicaslate; fertilu- 
Enlarged vahey. idem; fert- 
\Iica^l«te narrow gorge; 

ISteep rock covered with dri t 

jTojj of the hill; lolli.Mg micac, clay; feini:- 



H(i 



SuftTEY m United States continued. 



Va. Md. Height. , 

Stations, miled. Baro, MetJ 

Lynchburg. 0l755.9l79' 
James riv. bridg 57,1 1^1' 
McYvors, 8 49.7 252: 

Amherst, 14 5I,&233 

New Glasgow. i>0 49 9;250 
Lovingston, SOi 51,5 
Rockfish, 381 55,9 

CovesviUe, 45 48,3 
North Garden. 50| 51,9 
ChsrlotteTille, 6U 56,1 
Cobh»m. 75 59 9 

Oordonsville, 82 57,9 
Orange, 91 55,1 

Rapidan, 97 61,9 

Colpeper. 109 59.1 
Bapahannoc. 120 61,5 
Warrenton J. 131 Jd 
Manassas, 144 61,9 
Bull Run. 151 61,1 
Fairfax, 154 59,9 

Springfield, 1C3J 62,0 
Alexandria, 171 (H8.7 
Potomac br. 178 71,1 
Washington, 70,3 

Gaorgeto. col. 180 65,1 



Waehingt. dep. o|770.8 
t)7,4 
€6,7 
71,3 



«5e?np'&, 24 

Jonction, 31 

Balthnore d. 40 
Monuiiidiit foot. 7t)4,7 



2331 
179' 
267 
228 
177 
136 
147 
189 
!15 
144 
120 

id.l 
115 
123 
135; 
115 

48 
5 

18 

64 

1& 
50 
57 
13 
64 



Capitolc W'oB. 
Potomac riv. 
Aquia cre^k, 50 
Frederikab'rg 70 
Guineas, 81 

Mil ford. 92 

Chesterfield, 105 
Jonction, 107 
Ashland, 117 
Hungary, 122 
ff.rltrHcjnt d. 1-30 



770, 
74,3 
74,4 

70,9 

68.3 
69,5 

67,5 
(57.1 
65.91 
65.51 
68 7 



Observations. 

Nature of the soil, its fertility Sic, 

Micaslate deep gorge; poor. 
Pebble drift on raicaslate; idf m. 
Hilly micaslate; tobacco, femall corn« 
Idem rolling poor. 
Id. Blue Ridge near on 4he left. 
Id. loot of Bl, Ridjj©; tobacco- 
Montain. betw. two lidges; forest- 
Id. foot of a ridge; bruhen land. tob«« 
New ridge runoing E. Idem. 
Enlarged plain betw, ridjjes; fertile. 
On micaslate. undul. saady clay; tob». 
Id. foot of a micaslate ridgs on N. id. 
Narrows dividing a ridge; gtdng to E. 
Valley betw, two ridg'S; fert. tabaoco. 
Pleasant hilly Talley; Jert. for. 
Undul. plain of f-imdy clHy; lert. 
Idem; micac sand; fertiln. 
Idem; forest destroyed by war, feit,- 
Foot of a rid^e crossing thi way. 
Soft vertical slate; broken forest. 
Rolling plain on slate; fcrt. 
Idem; slaty hill on the N. fert. 
Betw. hills covered with coars diift. 
Hilly drift on hard siliceous rock. 
Idem, on hilly hard silic. rock. 



(Joarse drift and sand; low forest. 
Hard silic, trapp; hilly; fert. 
Coarse drift on idem, hilly. 
Hill dominating the city. 



39 Hill dominating the city. 

Starting point. 

Low swampy fore.'^t. 
36 Ferrug. sandy clay ou billy alate; fert 
64 Idem rolling; fer:. forest, springs. 
52 Idem on soft rolltiig slaic; et, 
73 Micac. clay on idliy niic*s!R;p; dry for. 
77 Idgtu hilly ; dry h.>r, 
90 Idem; on Pijjitunky * : nie 
94 Undul. sandy cl*y on lui a- Jiu;, poor, 
O'i Heavy drift on hilly micasl^ie* 



11 



Si'RNEv i!s United States 



conhniiCMi 



Va. Car. 

Suilion?: mill 



Rich' fl, ca'c.ch 
ihiuLMU . rlepot, (; 
('oalHeiil, 13 

Tomaiiank, 1^ 
j'owatai), 2o 

MaUoax, 27 

Amelia, ijii 

Jt'ters-viile, 
Bmke^ville, 

Keyi^ville, 



HkIOHT. i ()B ERVATIONS. 

I.>;i)(i- iMel ; Niitin-.' <-.f the s(j1I; its f.TtHilv, \' 



44 
54 

74 

i)rnkesbrHneh, ^\ 
Koaiioko, 
Scottsiuirg, 
Boston, 
Kewsleny, 
Barksdale, 
Iv.int;ol(l, 
.L>anvil]e, 
I'elhani, 
8 am mi r, of r. ir>(S 
Reidsville, lii^"* 
Benaja, 174 

Morenead, 1^1 
Summit of rid J 83 
(jrieensboro, 189 



IK) 
10 

J un 

1:^7 

J 3;') 
14, 
1 50 



Greensboro 
Jamestown, 
Summit of rid 
Tliomasville, 
Lexington, 
HoUsburg, 
Yadkin riv. 
Stvlisbury, 
China Grove, 
Concords, 
Harrisbnrg, 
Charlotte, 
Rock Hills, 
Chester, 
Doko, 
Columbia, 



, 

l(i 

. 15 

2i 

3c 

42 

45 

50 

59 

72 

8U 

93 

119 

13h 

183 

199 



7()7.r) 

r8.7 
(55 9 
*i7.5 

e.6,1 

«i9,l 

64,5' 
03.5 
01.(1 
57,7 
5(19 
62.7 
03,1 
5«.3 
62 7 

id. 
6!,o 
55.3 
59,5 
49,5 

17,0 
47,9 
50.5 
46,7 
45 5 
48,0 

50,1 

48,8 

43 

45,9 

47,5 

5 ! ,5 

52 5 

48,7 

45,9 

5-2,9 

5- 

49,0 

51,5 

55,7 

56,0 

02.1 



62' 

v:0 I 

58 

1(14 
118 
144 

178 
187 

12^' 

I-21 

17<^' 
12i 

id. 
139 
207 

60 
268 
289 
286 
260 
299 
31 ti 
285 

285 

298 

35 

32S 

31 

270 

259 

291 

328 

254 

261 

295 

269 

225 

22(J 

150 



Drift on hilly niicHt-late; healr.i'j'y. 
VViib:! river rnnniiig thro' rock*. 
Hillv carbon, satid.st; nonil beil ; pines, 
llolling mica-ljitc; diy forest, 
id. uiidulat. ^lo I fernigin, clay; id. 
Rich driit ahmt^ the Appantatoc riv, 
blilly hlf^ken inicaslate; poor. 
Rolling id; fertile, tiibaeco coi-n. 
Trapp alid led soft slate; pines. 
Idem hillv rough ; piiies. 
Milly ^laie; yood clay; for 
'^late Willi (j'lanz. veins, dry. 
Idem hilly; lert. tobacco, forest. 
Idem Soli; dry nndulaiing foiest- 
Narrow n«h river bottom 
Hilly hard quartz slate; fert. 
Rolling idem; id. for. pines, 
Fenug. brittle slate;, hilly dry forOh. 
Idem hilly; pebble rlrilt, fertile, 
fliily hard .slate with quartz veins, 
idem; poor broken pine barren. 
Id. ninlulat. plateau; poor pine for. 
Id. rolling with swamps; idem. 
Brittle slate witli quartz, veins; dry, 
(d. ndling cold ster. pines. 
(3n i(.l. roiling yeilrjw iert. 



Hilly hartl quartz, ruck. bruk. lor. 

Iilem rolling; poor. 

Id. undnlat. fertile plateau. 

Idem hilly; pine broken f(jrest. 

Flat fertile plain, on idem. 

Hard ferrug. cpiariz. rock; poor. 

Idem rolling; lert. farm. 

On idem, rich clayey plain; cotton„ 

Hdly black hard trapp; 'ert. clay. 

Ideni broken; good cotton land. 

Qnartzeous rock; fert. cotton clay. 

Millstone quartz; idem. 

Sandy clay on eocene marl; cotton » 

Idem; idem. 

On idem, undulat. sandy clay; fert. 



■V) 



St ixVKY IN I'.M'jEi) Statjs (*()i;iiiiiie(l 



S. C«r. 

f>t:ilii>i)s. miles. 

Coliiiiibia, 
•.Til nction, 
H..,,ki„s, ] 

Kingv lie, 
Fort Motte, 
.laiiiisdii, 
( lianijfehnrg, 
JSralirhvilK', 



HlCKiHT. 

U,U,., Mrl. 



Observatioks. 

.N iruri' iifihi- soil, its fertilirv \-c 



'^0 

44 

<'li;vile,si()ii d. ];;u 



) 7()(KU 120 Sandy clay umiulat, fertile. 

; 0,0 S4 Swamps, on eocene marU pines. 

* 4 3 To Sandy plain; cotton, pine barren. 

H,r> 45 Idem hetw. wide swamps; lert. 

5.4 oi Hills of sandv clay ; id<MU 

1.5 i)4 Id. on compact variagate clay, idem, 
0,7 10 2] Id. roiling plaisant; cotton, pines- 
'i,0 42:Sandy clay on rubiniate clay; pines- 
9,0 G'Sandy hill betw. marshes. 



Louisi ,NA. 

!M-xican (.iulf. 
New Orleans, (t 
^lississ. riv. low 
Jja FiHirche, 52 
r.'>rwick l)ay, ><0 
Fianlvlin, 10."> 

jS'ew Ibt^ria, 140 
St INlartin vi,15(i 

< 'ore ,uelee, loH 
Lafayette, 170 

< i-rM Ootean. 186 
Opebmsas, 19S 
AVii.-hiiigto) , 2(12 
( '"Ill-tableau uay . 
IMalteville, 1".^ 
]Mamont prair. 15 

< irand ('hicot, 2'i 
]Iom«sville, 45; 

52| 
58! 



i 



heney ville, 



Le (Jomtv, 
Alexandria, 72{ 
li-d riv. low, '. 
I'me hills, 92 

< 'loutiervdle, 1 17^ 
Xatchitochps.l 4 1 I 
<rr'd Ecore. 145! 
lied river, | 

Camti, 151' 

(Jlaire lake, 157 
Black lake, 159 
Trichel hill, 1 (if) 
Salines, i(;4 



18:.9. wat. 

T(i(i.2 0,21,1 Starting point. 10 yrs ohserv. 

5.4 4 ^'Inyfy drift, swamps; very ten. 

8.5 3: Dechaig per sec. 33,150 o. mtrs. 
,4 4j fjowsw'py for. canes, sugar. 

id. id. 111. slu 11 bank, marsh for. 

,0 8| Rich clay b(jttom laud; sugar. 

1.2 iHJ Idem; idem. 

2 25 21,4 Swampy rich prairies; cottn sug 

5.8 29| Ferr. clay plain; prairie- 

5.4 oil Idem; .sngar cotton rich tif^ld. 
7i)4 4 37 j IS, 9 Rich high prair. betw, bayous. 

3,0 51i Idem; rich cotton a suga, Held. 

3 49I Id. hill betw. bayous; for. 

(') 7 15 l^.ranch of Achafalaya. 

1,7 H7 Enlarged clayey plat, pasturages. 

4.7 35 Ivovv swampy forest. 

2.9 54 Sandy diy forest. 

0.5 20 Rich river bottom; sugar. 

4,0 43 1(3,7 Idem; ideiti- 

id. id. I Id. damp lor. 

.8 35jl6,6ldem; on soft sandstone; fert cot 

Hf) 4 19 

3 55 

5 84 

4,0 45 

1,2 74 

5 2 30 

3,7 49 

4.5 40 

3.6 50 
759,8 90 

45 



Fo' t of fall; overflow IS mts- 
Ferr. sandy plat. Ala. pine barren 
Rich river bottom; cott. sugar. 

20 5 Id. foot of pine hill 58 mts high. 
Sandy bluff; 2 coal beds; dry- 
Changing bed 1852. 

18,9 Riv. bottom; buried trees; fert. 
Old riv. bed; megather. geods, 
jSalt & slilfur. spgs; sterile- 

18,3 Sand clay ferr. concret, pines. 
Lake bottom, betw. sandy bills 



SunvEY IN The Unitl;!) Statics. l.s^lT 00. 



N. Y. CmiAila. 

STAlliins milps. 



,-p,.t, 
kIv, 



Oi-c:in. -i Tiiondi 
Nf'W Yciik, 
Msiiihiitlun, 
Kur.limm cnll. 

S^llUVU"!! (|llVVP[. 
l*;.MsHrio,; HimIs.mi 

AlbHnv .1 
Trny, " C, 

Schi'iie r. 

Svriiciiso, 

C'ly-.L'. 

HiicSiostof, 

Uuffilo, 

Ni:ij,'-arn vi 

!Siis|)onsiiit) 

CliltoM IhiIhI, 

lIpIHT filll, 

KiiiTiitig^ spring. 



;i2'c, 
l.ii.l'. 





31 
22 

hi'> 
147 
!-)() 

i(U 

3lK 
3;:9 

•>7-3| 
44 3 i 
4()ii 

4(1.-)! 

4()7' 



4(il) ' 



Hi 



OHri) HUT WMt 



r()4.7 

4,0 
l.r> 
3 
t5.'> 

f;4 

(iO 

58.1 




12 
44 

20: 

2 

16:, 

IB 

45 

47 



()llSEUVAT[OXS. 
Xsitiirc ofthi- Soil; irs iVrrilitv, it. 



I8r 



16, 



L6.0 



lllj 
13H 
120! 
I38i 
154 
I70i 



1401 
123i 
U)[l 
154' 



.stMti rig- point. May — Aug. 1«07. 

CoHisc (liift on eroded granit; diy. 

I'rifr ou very micac pranir; dry, plaisant. 

Holllris; ulbitic granit & calslat.e; dry fert. 

Drift, oil eranit with mcsotype & asUeste; 

Triipp vvall.<, on niPtamorphii-; dry fur. 

Drift on black .■^lale till Troy; fort. for. 

Hdly slate and cilslate; fert. 

Idem; id. 

Ai-jsrilac silur. slnto &. <;a.lslate; drv for- 

Rich drift on imdiiliit. silurian s^utv; 

Black rolling limestone; fert- 

CoHVse ]iel)ble drift on idem; gvn-i'^- 

Idoni rolling; salt works; damp "or. grats- 

Idem; crossed by swamps; for- 

Flatsilur. limestone with fa'ls; fert- 

Id covered with coarse sandy drift; id' 

Idem; pine for- along ihe falls- 

240 mts long; 50, high; 

Drift below Niagara falls. 

Soft slate eroded under linrd limestone. 

On the limestone l;d)!e; c.tinadian side. 

Catbiret of hvdrogen, tVum slate; 



IVutfido. 

Snspension bridg, 
Wellan.l ranal, ' 
St. Catherines. 
(Jnr-.i|-io village, 
Hamilton. 
Toronto, 
Ilaiuilioii, 
Dtindas, 
Harrisbiirj', 
V rs, 

\V..o''sio,Us, 
Ingeivoil, 
London, 
jViewbiiry, 
CViathtim, 4 dny.- 
Bf>Ue Riviere, 
Windsor, 
Sandwich, 17 r). 
St Cl'iire canal, 

Detroit, 

Monroe, 

Diertield, 

Adrian, 

Hilkdale, 

Coldwater, 

White IMgeon, 

Elkart, 



(J74f;,4 1701 
i|! 4:'.3 ho; 

^i r>2,'2 nol 



;i5 ! 

5(i ' 

07 
li)() 

0! 

I'i 

3>) 

4rS 

.''>7 

7G7 

lilt : 

1401 

1 7 ! 

172 i 

187! 



C 
41 
(iO 

100 
128 
lfi4 
183 



55,0 
.T7,0 



01 



72 1 



02,0 72' 



.-.s.o 


lUi 






48.5 


218 


-- 




45,4 


250 






i;lo 


275 






4(i.O 


242 






47,2 


228 






58,0 


102 






;'.(! 


]m 


16 


,<■> 


.54 


181 


.- 




5;5.« 


1H4 






54,0 


1K4 


Hi .7 


54,5 


180 


1.) 


6 



Coarse drift on rolling sMnr, l-mestone; tr)r- 
Idcm swampy; for- barley, wheat- 
Idem; damp fir. along the Ontario lake- • 
On low liinest. hi-h terra cs of sandy drift; 
Idem; coarse sand tfiraces: 

Starting point on the Ontario lake; Aug, 
Silur, limest; ridge c<n'red with jjebbl drfr; 
Id; heavy drift of silic, pebbles; sterile- 
Idem; undul, wet coarse pebble sand; po- 
Idem; plateau dividi ig the lakes; poor f- 
[d; pebbles with sandy clay; damp forests- 
Co ir.se sand i f rr, clay; plain; wheat, barl 
Rich lake and liver bottom; damp foi- 
Idetn: red <-lay on jiebbles, very fert,- 
r,arge swampy lake bott prairies; pasiur- 
Idem; (day on silurian liuiestone; drift 
Idem; ferr- fertile (day: wheat, corn- 
Deep channal. 1 mle wide; clair water- 



it, 184; 

51.4 180' 

50.0 15)5 

45.7 3 4(1; 

38, (i 313 

43,0 2H7 

45,2 243 

,0 245 



C'ayey drift on hillv limiv«t. for. wheat. 

R..(i sandy clay on idem; fert. 

Pebbles. & dry sandy (day; poor for- 
11,1 Idem, on carbonif. limestone; idem- 

I'latcau of undulat ])ebbles; jjoor- 

[deiu with coarse dry sand; tore.^t- 
14,0 [,1 sand with broken recent shelN for- 
14,0 Uich clay on s^iiid & silur. fo.ssil. limuitujjc 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

015 816 141 2 



S4 



RuEvEY IN The United State, coiitinru'VI, 



III. Mo. 

STATU )XS. niilr 



Lil)M)l-H'. 

C;iliiniel, 
.) unr. 



2- 12 
2.V1 
2S1 



.T.,]ifr, '" 3f 

Poi'tinr-, !t2 
Blooriiinetoiy, l2(i 

Cf.rlinvilf,.., , 2'S3 

Alton, 237 

Mississiiipi, 

St. Louis, 2S0 

Sr,. Lonis, I! m't'iis.O 



Bar. Mi'tjW-i 

i'Zfi ^-' '11 I 

51,8 180 

51,4 184,l'i,r) 



Flori.ssiini , 
' ■lKi.i'l)iinnii re, 
St. CliMrl.'s, 

Nruwl InllH. 
SiiMix i'liilaffP, 

Mi^sis^i|l[li 1 i\- 
JlTsr.y |',l,ilis, 



St. Lc.nif,, 

Ki'kw,„„t, 13 

,\'I<'i;'-ni'C river, 18 

Fraril.llii, 37 

Wnsliinj-loii, 04 

(;,,l.-nn<lc, (i2 

.St.. .lo-epli. 74 

N;i.s.-5cr's rami, 80 

A'l.vvpoi-t, f*4 

IJi'iriiaiiii, ll4 
OsaSc ciiiffluont, 149 

Ta..s, l.)l 

Wiv-rphalia, 1.1,0 

l{ich Fountain, 1 71 

Davis .-Mvc-, 179 

l^icchiis i-uvc, ISf) 

Vienna, l.'J-) 

St. Eoiiis, 3 ni'ilis 

Jnilian nid'jifts, 4 

(Jaseyville, i) 

.Frha'non, 20 

Kaskaskia rr. 48 

Ceiitralia, 72 

.1nneshf)if>, 143 

Mound:*, 171 

Oai.o. -I .lays. 175 
Mi^xican (iiilf, 1220 



74S.H 184 

49,2 180 

175 

170 

id.: 

750.0 17(1 1 
54,0 1-24 
52,0 -I50j]5,7 

.. 150 
15«!! 

I'loho.O 
100 1 
13 o: 

12(.> 124,0 

18^1 

150J 
180 
140l 
2(10i 
]40| 
200; 
i'l ;i5,(i 
i('.' 
13.0 
140 
■ l.-iO 
220 
240 
240 
200 
220 
280 

r51,2 150 
140 
138 

130 

130 

100 

.'15 

75(5.6 94 



15,0 
15,;i 

11,7 
15,0 



IT), 



7110,0 21,3 



ObseiA^ations. 

Nature oCilic soil, its Iritiriy \-< 



1(1. more saniK; for- 

Hilly dunes of (|uieksan(l; s'er ]iin<> liaiToi! 
End oi'lho |ii(iy dunes; lak" \)ii~J. Jiiaiii'-. 
Flat ju'aiiie; old lake boih.tii: oasiiii-. Xc. 



Flat, ini<l]cs.< praiiie ori liinesione; cfeeks 
anil rivei-.s, wilii a vwimiv low iidu« of 
f'eriii£;inons elay, on rlie liijlii bank, 
(deni nnd'dafln;; on linn s'one : ti iiii'p'. 
Fiein rollii <r o]. saiMlsio!!' ; (',"it. 
On easiledike sa])(kl>ne Idnii; dry 'lealtliv. 
Clear; ninnini; ibro' IkM tow l-im',. 
Clayev liilly drill on (a\iTn(ius linn^stone. 



Clay on lolly fallen cark. liinestm ; teili'". 
Slate iime-l klnf"!' wi; !i narrow lie.ls ' coal. 
Hillv carli. idliest. & sandslone; teriik- 
Qnic-Ksand kjllsaU.ni. old bed ,4' Mo rtv . 
Low fallen Mis.s. bank- su .-nnps- 
1100 nitrs ^^ide; 5 dee]i; 19, |i.o- ni'le v, lof 
i')ev(in. silie. lin^esi; eidu !i'd w ii b'pelibles 
f.uinin,i£ a line of caslle like blnils. 
Voyage to W October 1857- 
Hilly niaifnes. lin^esi; di\ for. 
[deni, hie^ii bliifts; biiiii for. 
((I. brolien fi niiing bliifi's; jxior- 
Maaii. sarnlst. ,y liniest. bbifVs; ,'or. 
llillv sanrlst w illi iialei a veins; [joor. 
Id aioni; r.nnrbeusi- riv oak dry fnC. 
Rollin;:- nliun; old lake leiltoin; da!ri|) ''or. 
Mo ri\ beHv. Idiili blufts (i ods oi-iani; 
r.ine of bb'.fts * coi ic kills; oaks iiiape- 
Hillv r.fl»<<isl; biyh drift'; indian mcowiis. 
Idem; i^ak fo'-. a()ple trees, win at, ci>rn- 
HdlofsaniFt op;il & veinous clialcedony. 
tlili\ >and.-l: err.-itic linioidi. oak foi'e.-t, 
Old sprinfr in sandst. blulT; (THsciuiade riv. 
Idem,dpei3 X'50 nits lona; >talacfiis. 
Dry rolk'mindsi. betxv. Alarais *|C,ii(iscon. r. 

Voyage to ;be South. Nov. ()7. 
Swampy lilain; 'ake bo.lofn. corn irra'S- 
Wiv. bed ('(Hit of 'itnest. .nils & forest- 
Lake bottom; large plai' ; ,i;i-ass- 
Soiitli foot ol a clnyey ridge; fert. plaiir- 
Unflulatint;' plain; grass- 
End (if tlie tiat prairies; drift, forest- 
Fluviat sand rollin.i; on red ,y, white (lay. 
Swamjiy diiti; uidiealthy; bushes- 
Ten years observati. ins. L8(i9, 



